Exercise-Weight loss
Exercise of Any Duration, Intensity Affects Weight Loss Significantly
Considerable evidence points to exercise as an important component of a behavioral weight loss program; however, the optimal amount of exercise needed to maximize long-term weight loss remains unclear.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend 30 minutes (minimum) of moderate-intensity activity on "most days of the week" to improve health; the Institute of Medicine (IOM) suggests 60 minutes minimum of exercise on most days to control body weight.
This study compared the effects of different durations and intensities of exercise on weight loss and overall cardiovascular fitness in 201 sedentary women (average age: 37) involved in a university-based weight control program. Participants were assigned to one of four exercise groups:
1) vigorous intensity/high duration
2) moderate intensity/high duration
3) moderate intensity/moderate duration
4) vigorous intensity/moderate duration
All women were also instructed to reduce energy intake to 1,200-15,00 kcal/day and to limit dietary fat to 20-30% of total daily energy intake. Each participant completed a detailed medical history and a physical activity readiness questionnaire prior to entry, and provided documentation from her physician indicating that the proposed 12-month intervention was not contraindicated. Main outcome measures were body weight, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise participation.
Following 12 months in the program (completed by 94% of the participants), weight loss and increased cardiovascular fitness was significant in all four groups, but with no significant differences noted between any of the groups.
"The results of this study have implications for prescription of exercise for sedentary, overweight adults engaging in weight loss efforts," conclude the study authors. "Moderate to high doses of exercise in combination with a decrease in energy intake resulted in 8% to 10% reductions in body weight following a 12-month intervention."
This study compared the effects of different durations and intensities of exercise on weight loss and overall cardiovascular fitness in 201 sedentary women (average age: 37) involved in a university-based weight control program. Participants were assigned to one of four exercise groups:
1) vigorous intensity/high duration
2) moderate intensity/high duration
3) moderate intensity/moderate duration
4) vigorous intensity/moderate duration
All women were also instructed to reduce energy intake to 1,200-15,00 kcal/day and to limit dietary fat to 20-30% of total daily energy intake. Each participant completed a detailed medical history and a physical activity readiness questionnaire prior to entry, and provided documentation from her physician indicating that the proposed 12-month intervention was not contraindicated. Main outcome measures were body weight, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise participation.
Following 12 months in the program (completed by 94% of the participants), weight loss and increased cardiovascular fitness was significant in all four groups, but with no significant differences noted between any of the groups.
"The results of this study have implications for prescription of exercise for sedentary, overweight adults engaging in weight loss efforts," conclude the study authors. "Moderate to high doses of exercise in combination with a decrease in energy intake resulted in 8% to 10% reductions in body weight following a 12-month intervention."
Recommending Exercise for Patients With Diabetes:
Diabetes mellitus affects an estimated 150 million people worldwide, including 16 million Americans; according to estimates, by the year 2025, the number of patients suffering from the condition will exceed 300 million.
Type 1 diabetes, which afflicts 10% of sufferers, is characterized by insulinopenia, requiring that patients take insulin for survival.
This overview of type I diabetes provides the clinician with an introduction to its etiology and how it is diagnosed, then explores the influence of exercise on patients with the condition, including the many general effects of a consistent exercise regimen:
* improving glucose tolerance by augmenting insulin sensitivity;
* decreasing muscle capillary basement membrane thickening and arterial pulse volume recordings;
* increasing lean body mass and work capacity;
* improving overall weight management;
* reducing serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein levels (VLDL), while raising high-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and
* increasing cardiac function.
Numerous management strategies and guidelines for exercise are included and can be obtained from the Internet, along with steps clinicians should take in evaluating patients with type I diabetes (prior to recommending any exercise regimen); specific considerations in terms of diet, exercise intensity and duration, and energy requirements; and potential risks and complications.
The authors emphasize that caring for diabetes patients requires that all clinicians be responsible for education about blood glucose self-monitoring; proper exercise prescription; appropriate dietary and insulin management plans; pre-participation clearance; and ongoing education. With respect to exercise, they note: "Exercise has risks and benefits that must be understood so that participation yields a safe, enjoyable outcome. ..."
This overview of type I diabetes provides the clinician with an introduction to its etiology and how it is diagnosed, then explores the influence of exercise on patients with the condition, including the many general effects of a consistent exercise regimen:
* improving glucose tolerance by augmenting insulin sensitivity;
* decreasing muscle capillary basement membrane thickening and arterial pulse volume recordings;
* increasing lean body mass and work capacity;
* improving overall weight management;
* reducing serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein levels (VLDL), while raising high-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and
* increasing cardiac function.
Numerous management strategies and guidelines for exercise are included and can be obtained from the Internet, along with steps clinicians should take in evaluating patients with type I diabetes (prior to recommending any exercise regimen); specific considerations in terms of diet, exercise intensity and duration, and energy requirements; and potential risks and complications.
The authors emphasize that caring for diabetes patients requires that all clinicians be responsible for education about blood glucose self-monitoring; proper exercise prescription; appropriate dietary and insulin management plans; pre-participation clearance; and ongoing education. With respect to exercise, they note: "Exercise has risks and benefits that must be understood so that participation yields a safe, enjoyable outcome. ..."
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